Atlantis :: essays research papers

Atlantis: We will never realize Fantasy is an intense sell in the twentieth century. The world has been completely found what's more, completely mapped. Well known media has adequately limited the legend and the awesome gossip, however to compensate for this it has produced falsities not as luxurious yet similarly as intriguing. Satellites have mapped and examined the earth, leaving just a space wilderness that is up 'til now inaccessible. In any case standing apart is an enchanting dream the advanced world has yet to confirm or denounce: the lost landmass of Atlantis. The father of the advanced worlds impression of Atlantis is Plato (around 428-around 347 b.c.). (1) The Greek savant talked in his works Timaeus and Critias of a mainland in the Atlantic sea bigger than Africa and Asia Minor consolidated which matched Athens as the most progressive on the planet. (2) As indicated by the legend encompassing Platos discoursed, the island of Atlantis was savagely tossed into the ocean by the powers of nature, and its couple of survivors figured out how to swim aground and relate their story. (3) There the legend was passed by overhearing people's conversations until an Egyptian cleric related the story to Solon, a character in Timaeus. The minister appreciated the accomplishments of ancient Athenians, since when the leaders of Atlantis took steps to attack the entirety of Europe and Asia the Athenians, in the interest everything being equal, vanquished the Atlanteans to keep away from oppression. (4) crafted by Plato opened the conduits to perpetual theory on whether the mainland depicted was certainty or fiction. Atlantis has since been put in Spain, Mongolia, Palestine, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Sweden, Greenland and Yucatan. Each niche and corner of the globe has been guessed; mountain tops, desert handles, the sea depths and even the desolate no man's land of Antarctica have been referenced in speculations. (5) While a portion of these speculations are good with Platos works and are inside relative explanation, various maniac speculations have been created utilizing the lost landmass as a premise. One of these speculations, posted on the PC web where it approaches more than fifteen million individuals, talks in twenty-one pages of pre-verifiable terrains with names like Oz and Luxor. These internet pages list more than 200 separate articles of confirmation for the presence of Atlantis, as in the accompanying: (6) Most all old human advancements put stock in the TITANS, the race of monster people that occupied Earth quite a while in the past. Various races knew them by various names. These 7 to 12 foot humanoids were thought to be amazing until the removal of over twelve skeletons 8 to 12 feet tall, around the globe, stunned archeologists. These skeletons were emphatically human.

Morality subject, the rights and wrongs on Abortion on A Catholic Essay

Profound quality subject, the rights and wrongs on Abortion on A Catholic perspective - Essay Example This was the message of Cardinal Renato Martino, who was leader of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Also, as per Martino, the position of Amnesty International which is to maintain human rights above explicit religious philosophies and the privilege of the unborn youngster to live may trigger resistance from the Catholic Church and different enemy of premature birth associations yet may really move others to cut the life of the unborn kid in the event that they believe they need to. In any case, paying little heed to people’s position on fetus removal, the demonstration is viewed as an ethical wrong dependent on Catholic religious philosophy. In light of Catholic religious philosophy, fetus removal isn't right a result of a few reasons. In the first place, as indicated by De Marco, the indecent idea of fetus removal relies upon â€Å"the nearness of a huge number of non-Catholic people who effectively contradict premature birth, along with the presence of numerou s enemy of fetus removal bunches who are associated with non-Catholic organizations and institutions†3. Despite the fact that this might be intelligently an erroneous articulation since it depends on the possibility of the outright and obvious rightness of most of populace, the feeling despite everything has down to earth esteem. Despite the fact that common sense isn't really equivalent to what is ethically right, it is unquestionably verifiable that the assessment of the lion's share matters for any foundation, including the Catholic Church, is comprised of this greater part. ... Additionally, since it isn't just the Catholic religion that pushes for the regard for the life of the unborn kid, at that point these explanations behind the unsoundness of premature birth are in this way â€Å"not particularly Catholic†5. It accordingly mirrors the feelings of different religions. In spite of the fact that it would be somewhat comprehensive to clarify in this paper, there is essentially no religion that denounces life. This simple certainty subsequently reveals to us that fundamentally life is valuable and these religions, which have been set up by learned individuals and educated people, may not be that off-base. The position of the Church itself on fetus removal is just inferred in the Canon law yet â€Å"the very reality that there have consistently been authoritative punishments for premature birth is an impression of the Church’s position that premature birth is a grave evil†6. All things considered, there are explicit lessons of the Catho lic Church against premature birth. Truth be told, as per the Catechism of the Catholic Church #2271, â€Å"Direct abortion†¦willed either as an end or a methods, is gravely in opposition to the ethical law [and] are terrible crimes†7. It is extremely intriguing to take note of the expression â€Å"willed either as an end or a means† for it infers that regardless of whether premature birth were utilized to spare the mother’s life, much the same as what current oppositionists are guaranteeing, fetus removal is all things considered a wrongdoing. It in this manner doesn't make premature birth right regardless of whether it were utilized as a way to spare a person’s life. The Catholic Church in this way keeps up that the usefulness of an article or an idea can't ensure its profound worth. In addition, in spite of what science has decided, for the Catholic religion, â€Å"the specific time when the hatchling becomes ‘animated’ has no down t o earth noteworthiness

How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character

Viewing a film we focus on the most significant parts of sythesis of shot †cosmetics and ensembles the on-screen characters wear. These two perspectives help us to make in general look on a film and an uncommon mind-set. Some of the time cosmetics can change an actor’s appearance absolutely †from attractive fair man to fat an appalling dull haired man.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To accomplish this â€Å"transformation† visagistes resort to utilization of various sorts of cosmetics, wigs, dentures or fake pieces of face (to make greater nose or lips). To show explicit highlights about character in front of an audience (theater) or on screen (film industry) experts use cosmetics (for instance, to show the difference in a character from a human to an abnormal animal or from appalling to beautiful). These days, viewing a film you can see that characters are depicted completely and in subtleties. For instance, a notable film â€Å"Dorian Gray† (chief Oliver Parker, 2009) recounts to the crowd the tale of the beautiful youngster â€Dorian Gray †who comes to London, as now he is rich; he has an enormous legacy from his granddad. A painter Basil Hallward (Ben Chaplin) offers to paint Dorian for saving his excellence until the end of time. Getting fixated on keeping up his excellence, Gray offers his spirit and wishes the picture to climate the breezes of time while he remains always youthful. Yet, after Gray’s wickednesses the canvas begins to uncover his internal grotesqueness to other people. From the earliest starting point of the film, Dorian (Ben Barnes) is youthful, attractive and has a great deal of punch. On showing up home, following 25 years, his appearance didn't changed as his magnificence remained permanent. He despite everything is fine and flawless dull haired youngster with prett y grin. We can see the normal magnificence of the on-screen character (Ben Barnes), as he is shooting nearly with no cosmetics. Be that as it may, different characters are getting more seasoned and their age can be recognizable. For instance, Lady Victoria Wotton (Emilia Fox), a very delightful and charming spouse of Lord Henry Wotton. Following 25 years Sybil has wrinkles, silver hair and eyes brimming with knowledge of elderly person. Master Henry Wotton, a companion of Gray, who was driving Dorian off track, likewise got old. Presently he looks as granddad with a long dark whiskers, wrinkled temple and habits of an elderly person. Basil Hallward’s magnificence likewise met breezes of time. When Gray meets him, Basil looks more established, with highlights of develop man on his face.Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dorian’s appearance isn't changin g till the last scene of the film, when Lord Henry uncovers the mystery of Cray’s interminable excellence †the work of art, yet now not with youthful sweet and attractive, yet with old, revolting and startling Dorian †and burns down the artwork. At the point when representation is â€Å"dying† Dorian is going to that horrendous elderly person with wrinkles, old skin and corrupt injuries on face; and the Dorian’s picture turns into a work of art of that youthful and attractive man. With everything taken into account, the significance of cosmetics in the film business is extraordinary. Clearly 30-year-old entertainer or on-screen character can't have appearance of a 70-year-old individual, that is the reason visagistes use beauty care products, wigs and different strategies to make explicit highlights of characters, which will assist the crowd with defining the character. Here comes the explanation and criticalness of utilizing cosmetics in films. This exposition on How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character was composed and presented by client Casey Carter to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Drug test Essay

Contextual Analysis Paper COMM/215 Oct 20, 2014 Winifred Donnelly ? Contextual investigation Analysis Paper For the situation study, Carl is another selection representative for ABC Inc. After being appointed to his position, he beat desires by effectively recruiting a few new individuals notwithstanding his absence of time at work. Along these lines, he presumably feels a great deal of strain to succeed and keep on performing superior to his past endeavors consistently. He has committed various errors for the situation study and is at a misfortune concerning what he ought to do straightaway. In particular, well gander at the mix-ups Carl made, what he should. have done in any case, and the choices he has accessible to him presently to address the mix-ups hes made. As a matter of first importance, Carl began wrong by guaranteeing Monica that everything would be dealt with in time and leaving it at that. There is a lot associated with ensuring each recruit has their applications and resumes rounded out and submitted effectively. Also, medicate screening is something that must be done at an endorsed office for your organization or company since there are potential lawful issues if the urinalysis tests are done at your place of business. Indeed, even hospitalsâ send their representatives urinalysis containers to other clinical offices to have them checked instead of doing the medication screening at their own office however there are organizations that are offering nearby medication testing (OHS Health and Safety Services, Inc. , 2014). Physicals are likewise a potential migraine to plan for even one individual, not to mention a gathering of individuals. Infrequently does it ever appear that a specialist isnt occupied with accomplishing something. Individuals are continually becoming ill, harmed or kicking the bucket and its the specialists obligation to assist them with night if that implies making their passing less difficult for them. Attempting to get a doctorâ to lead a physical isnt essentially troublesome, one simply needs to plan the arrangement a month or two ahead of time which Carl didn't do. With respect to the booklets, flyers, and manuals, Carl ought to have investigated escaping as opposed to passing it over. This specific issue isnt very as desperate as the medication screening or the physical, yet it will take anyplace from a couple of days to up to seven days to get all the writing he is going to requirement for the fresh recruits. At long last, he ought to have de-clashed the preparation homeroom plan with different offices in the organization. In anyâ organization, there is a requirement for a homeroom situation that is helpful for adapting however it doesnt benefit you in any way in the event that another person is utilizing the study hall when you need it. Considering this, there was a calendar on the divider that Carl checked when he went to the study hall that anticipated out for in any event a month or two. Carl stood by too long to even think about getting his booking put in the schedule in light of the fact that Joe has the space for the remainder of the month or more. Carl was looking great so far notwithstanding all the issues found with how he has taken care of the circumstance up until this point. Carl built up himself as a brisk student and diligent employee by making fruitful recruits so rapidly into his activity time as a scout. A few people would state that the activity is generally normal aptitude since it just includes conversing with individuals, yet there is considerably more to it than that. Clearly, in any case Carl would not have wound up in the wreckage he is in now. On chatting with potential recruits about the organization, what they are about, what they are searching for, and how the potential recruit could fit into the activity, they need to do what needs to be done by guaranteeing the recruit meets all the companys capabilities as well. In the event that the potential recruit isnt equipped for fulfilling the fundamental organization guidelines of training, conduct, mentality, morals, and so on then they likely won't be a gainful individual from the workforce and its the selection representatives employment to discover those things out on his/her own or approach ensuring the potential recruit gets to the correct association that can locate that out. After accepting the call from Monica, Carl ought to have pulled out a stack of paper, his planning schedule, and a composing utensil and made notes during his discussion with Monica. He ought to have discovered precisely what she needed to occur and give her prompt criticism with his own thoughts and courses of events identified with to what extent it would take to achieve a specific undertaking or the time span he would need to prepare an individual recruit to begin working. When they had both gone to a concession to the arrangement they would use to prepare the recruits to become workers, they could have both hung up the telephone with a positive sentiment of achievement and comprehension. Carl ought to have begun approaching achieving said plan when he hung up with Monica. The main things to be booked ought to be the things that are the most hard to plan the physical and medication screening. With those two things off the beaten path and dealt with, Carl should ensure he acquires and converses with eye to eye at any rate three recruits every day to go more than 1/2 their applications and resumes to ensure they are finished and rounded out effectively. To really sweeten the deal, if Monica had a specific arrangement she wants on a resume, when Carl gets the recruits he can help them re-compose their resumes so they meet Monicas wanted organization. When the arrangements have been planned and before singular gatherings with the recruits occur, study hall space ought to be held for the direction. In the event that the circumstance despite everything plays out the manner in which it is as of now, at that point Carl should discover somewhere else to direct the direction except if he can work out an arrangement with Joe. Contingent upon to what extent Carl will require the homeroom, maybe he can slip in, lead direction, and slip directly pull out while Joes class is out getting something to eat or out at another site doing at work preparing (OJT). At last, the writing ought to be accumulated between meeting each recruit and helping them with their administrative work. In the event that need be, Carl can demand more writing from whichever branch of the organization gives those archives, he can arrange them himself from their distributer, or have an associate bring them down to a spot like Kinkos and get duplicates made. With the circumstance being what it is really going after now, he despite everything has a few alternatives open to him on the off chance that he could get himself in a perspective to remember them. The medication screening and the physicals are going to give him the hardest time so heâ should attempt to get them dealt with first. On the off chance that hes ready to plan his recruits before the direction date, at that point he is acceptable, however on the off chance that not he ought to feel free to plan them when he can and alter dependent on that. The issues hes looking with the administrative work can be taken care of reasonably effectively by getting one great duplicate of every flyer, manual, and so on and get duplicates made or order more from the office responsible for loading those provisions. They may not be upbeat being approached to hack up an entire wreckage of writing without prior warning, that is an aspect of their responsibilities and he ought to plan something for make itâ up to them later on. It is critical to be on acceptable footing with the people who are responsible for provisions, particularly from a military point of view. To the extent discovering study hall space, Carl should approach Joe with his concern and check whether he can accommodate his class in previously or after one of Joes classes. If not, Carl should investigate booking a meeting room like the ones most lodgings have for lease or like a few eateries have where the room is deterred from the remainder of the feasting floor. In any case, Carl has choices in such manner also. Moreover, and here is the crucial step, Carl is in all probability must let Monica realize that her recently recruited employees probably won't be prepared in the time period they recently settled upon. Because of his naiveté and absence of time at work, this ought not be a profession ender for Carl however it isnt going to make Monica content with him. On the off chance that Carl can in any case get everything all together so as to direct the direction on the date he consented to with Monica, at that point everything is acceptable. Carl is in an extreme position, yet hes not out of the battle yet. Carl made someâ mistakes, generally because of naiveté or maybe he got arrogant subsequent to excelling on his past enlisting situation. So as to recover financially and hide any hint of failure, Carl has a few unique courses he can take to get his crucial. Eventually, Carl ought to put forth a valiant effort to right his wrong, get his crucial, gain from his errors and proceed. References University of Phoenix. (2014) Week Two enhancement, Case Study for Student Analysis. Electronically recovered October 19, 2014 from University of Phoenix, Week Two, Resource. COMM215 Essential of College Writing OHS Health and Safety Services, Inc.. (2014). On location sedate testing administrations versus facility administrations. Recovered from http//www. ohsinc. com/on_site_drug_testing_onsite_drug_test_specimen_collection_CH ART. htm PAGE 6 PAGE MERGEFORMAT 1 Y, dXiJ(x(? I_TS? 1EZBmU/xYy5g/GMGeD3Vqq8K)fw9 xrxwrTZaGy8IjbRcXI u3KGnD1NIBs RuKV. ELM2fi? V? vlu8zH (W uV4(Tn 7_m-UBww_8(/0hFL)7iAs),Qg20ppf DU4p MDBJlC5 2FhsFYn3E6945Z5k8Fmw-dznZ? xJZp/P,)KQk5qpN8KGbe Sd17? paSR 6Q POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. Organization).

amazon com Essay -- essays research papers

Have you at any point bought any item on the Internet, utilized the Internet to gather data or information, or played PC games on the Internet? You should concur that it is quick, simple, and pleasant. The Internet has been a piece of our day by day life for quite a long while at this point. Also, in the business world, another plan of action, E-business and E-trade, has showed up for quite a long while. As indicated by Ali, there are two fundamental sorts of E-trade: B2B and B2C (2000). One is business to business (B2B). This implies endeavors utilize the Internet to execute or exchange between business activities and their accomplices. Another is business to buyer (B2C). As it were, endeavors give items, bolster great, and administrations to the clients on the Internet. Amazon.com is a well known Internet retail organization in E-trade. Its business incorporates B2B and B2C. It started its business in July 1996. Today, Amazon.com has extended its business in excess of 200 and twenty nations and this organization sells different items like hardware, books, music, DVD, House products, PCs and vehicles (Amazon.com Announces fourth Quarter Profit 2002). It is the greatest retail location in E-trade. Despite the fact that Amazon.com claims these awards, this organization is attempting to endure. Amazon.com had a $19 billion market an incentive before its stock costs diminished from $75.25 to $9.25 (German, 2001). The issue is that Amazon despite everything has not made genuine benefits since it opened. How to help Amazon.com continue remaining on the stage? On the off chance that Amazon.com needs to get by in E-business and begin making genuine benefits, Amazon.com ought to converge with other retail organizations, work another E-business methodology, an d modify its money related structure. Everybody is pondering when Amazon.com will begin making genuine benefits. A year ago, their stock cost went down from $76 to $14 (Hahn and Celarier, 2001). Besides, Amazon.com lost nearly $150 million a year ago (Amazon.com reports fourth quarter benefit, 2001). In what capacity can Amazon.com begin making genuine benefits? Hahn and Celarier recommends that Amazon.com ought to converge with other retail organizations, for example, General Growth Properties, Wal-Mart, and Bertelsmann in light of the fact that the merger will extend their piece of the overall industry, and make another path and increment new clients and items , and recoup their money and Net deals shortfall (Fitch, 2000). As a matter of first importance, the merger will help Amazon.com extend the market ... ...ve a decent framework or body in E-business. Since the alleged web bubble burst in April 2000, several dotcom organizations have shut in view of the downturn of E-trade (Misek, 2003). As per Seewald,  ¡Ã‚ §That pattern is required to proceed with this year as synthetic organizations keep on reducing outer spending⠡â ¨ (2001). E-business appears to be a bomb for speculators and clients in light of the fact that the speed of breakdown is extremely quick. Nobody realizes which organization will vanish in E-business. Despite the fact that Amazon.com is an E-business Pioneer, and it earned $1.12 billion last quarter, contrasted and $972 million in the final quarter in 2000, and has $19 billion market esteem (Amazon.com Announces fourth Quarter Profit 2002), it is likewise attempting to get by in the E-trade world. Except if Amazon.com converge with other retail organizations, practice new E-business system, and modify its budgetary structure, it won't be killed through rivalry in the E-trade. Checking benefits is the most sign ificant for organization, particularly for Amazon.com. In the event that Amazon.com practices these recommendations introduced in this paper, it will defeat its difficulties and shortcomings, and afterward begin making genuine benefits.

Happy Birthday!

Happy Birthday! Approximately one three-hundred-sixty-fifth of the people who read this blog post on any given day will be floored that some MIT admissions blogger is honoring them for their birthday, not to mention a little creeped out (ahh! Is Kate stalking me?). The rest of you are probably just confused. Let me clarify: If today does happen to be your birthday, have a good one, but believe me it’s just a lucky guess! (Read: I’m not a stalker, promise!) I’m writing about birthdays because this weekend I experienced my first two college birthdays. Okay, I should clarify that too: *I*’m not two years older than I was last Saturday, I was celebrating with friends. The important word to understand in that sentence is ‘celebrating,’ which means something completely different at MIT. The first birthday belonged to Esther J. ’14, my roommate, who turned 18 last Friday. As her roommate, my floor’s tradition dictated that it was my responsibility to bake her a cake. She was in one of the dorms in West Campus studying for most of Thursday evening, so we had time to make her an awesome chocolate banana cake (Aside: making banana [blank] is a really good thing to do when you’re stressed. Mashing up overripe bananas with a fork is such a good way to vent!) with homemade butter cream frosting. We raided the hall’s baking supplies and found sprinkles and icing, and voila: We finished up right around midnight, which meant that it was Friday morning, which meant that it was Esther’s birthday already, technically, so why wait? We called her home from West Campus and gathered the entire hall into the kitchen to ‘sing’ Happy Birthday. Why the quotes? That will soon become clear. Apparently, 18 candles is too many to just keep around, so we expressed Esther’s age in binary, using 5 candles and only lighting two: The candles were lit, and it was time to sing. All of the upperclassmen on my floor opened their mouths…and proceeded to shout, really loudly, continuously, for several minutes. According to some of them, people are actually singing Happy Birthday during this time, but all at different rates and pitches. So far as I can tell, people weren’t really forming words, just stopping to draw breath. It certainly didn’t sound like anything; I just shouted along for the fun of it. Let me talk a little bit about cutting cakes. Usually, when you have a square or rectangular cake, it gets cut into square or rectangular pieces. If you have a round cake, you cut it into wedges. There’s a body of mathematical work about how to fairly cut a cake so that everyone feels they’ve gotten their fair share. The most imaginative cake-cutting I’ve ever seen comes from my Uncle Dennis, who takes requests from my cousins and will carefully carve out such shapes as “the D, the S, and Pikachu’s left ear.” Esther’s rectangular birthday cake was cut in none of these ways. With instruction from our upperclassmen, she was handed a knife and proceeded to slash the thing into bajillions of tiny, triangular pieces, which disintegrated into crumbs in our fingers as we tried to eat them. It was a unique, hilarious, and no less delicious approach to cake-cutting. The next night, I celebrated with Natalia G. ’14 at the Tech Catholic Community’s Friday night pasta feed. Her birthday was actually last Thursday, but we celebrated with another homemade cake. While we were raiding the religious center kitchen for birthday candles, I told the story of Esther’s binary birthday. It turned out that a few of the people there had never learned binary, and didn’t know what all the fuss was about. And somehow, I found myself with a brown expo marker in front of a whiteboard in the small community room, teaching a mini-lesson on binary! We ended up finding plenty of candles, so the cake didn’t end up being that nerdy, and it was cut in nice, sensible, easy-to-eat rectangles after a much more musical rendition of Happy Birthdayâ€"a nice return to something resembling normalcy. Happy birthday, Natalia! Speaking of teaching, I’ve gotten a job through MIT’s Educational Studies Program, or ESP. I’ll be teaching math for SATprep on Sundays for about 10 weeks. Just when I thought I was done with standardized tests forever, I’m getting myself involved with them. ESP runs many more programs than just SATprep: they have an AP preparation series, intensive summer classes, and a weekend in November called Splash, when thousands of students descend on MIT to take classes in anything a teacher wants to teach. I still don’t know what I want to teach for Splash, but I have some ideas… There’s another birthday on my hall today (Happy Birthday Kamal N. ’14), but I swear after this blog post I will not be updating you on the birthdays of everyone I know. That’s what Facebook is for, anyways! Post Tagged #East Campus

Political Science - Free Essay Example

Topics Studied The course had a number of topics which I found interesting, therefore the whole course of Political Science seemed appealing to me. However, there were certain topics which sparked my interest more than other topics, and are discussed as below. Voting and Elections Voting and elections are an important part of political science studies since these studies are related with the electoral institutions. As a science, Political Science serves to develop, test and implement political theories to the consequences of election regulations and rules for general interests. Political Scientists work as consultants for national, international and regional organizations, to plan development and reforms of institutions in the best interests of democracy (Htun and Powell 1). Voting and elections are vital pieces which shape the government of a country. It gives the general public the power to vote for candidates which seem the best. Therefore, the value of election and voting cannot be ignored, which is exactly why I found this topic interesting. Political Parties Political parties are those political organization which do not form the part of a government. Hauge and Harrop define political parties as a political group, in a country, which is identifiable officially by their labels that presents the group in electoral activities, and is able to elect a candidate to represent them for public office (185). These parties have important functions which include steering the government, if the party is ruling and political recruitment, to elect candidates for the executive as well as legislature (186). American Federalism Federalism provides a way of sharing power and sovereignty, between governments within a specified state of the country. It can be considered as a political device which provides a formal political agreement between several levels of government as well as among their spheres of authorities (Hauge and Harrop 228). According to Hague and Harrop, the United States developed the worlds first and most influential federation. It allows the U.S. to share the legal sovereignty between the federal government and provinces (or states). The most important thing to consider is that neither of the two can abolish the other (229). The Problem The American Federalism and Political Parties gave rise to a government shutdown, which was experienced in the early 2018. A shutdown happens when the constituent parts of a government close until the spending plans are sorted out by the government (US government shutdown: How did we get here?). In the U.S. Government shutdown of 2018, many federal agencies closed down which caused hundreds of thousands of employees to take leaves. These leaves were, of course, without any pay as the country did not have any spending plan. Other major issues included the closing of essential services such as national security, air traffic control and electricity generation. Apart from these services, other non-essential services, such as visa and passport processing, were also delayed. Many departments whose proper function is necessary for the running of country also closed down, which include educational institutions, environmental protection agency, health and human services, NASA and national institute of health. This shutdown began on 21 January, 2018, and ended on the next evening. According to Jim Mattis, the US Defense Secretary, more than 50% of his department was absent, and many critical tasks such as militarys maintenance and intelligence operations, came to a halt (US government shutdown: How did we get here?). According to BBC News, this problem happened because the federal government failed to pass a spending bill. This bill is called an appropriations bill, and was to be passed by the Congress and countersigned by the US President Trump. The failure to do so caused a temporary shutdown of the government, due to which many other problems were raised. The Democratic Party of the US wanted to have the bill passed so that the immigrants can be protected, which are eligible for the Childhood Arrivals act. Some Republicans were against the bill, and showed this opposition by voting against the bill. The problem was not solved and remained a hot issue until there was another shutdown on February 9th. The shutdown that occurred in February continued for a shorter period of five and half hours (Amadeo). The Republican Party blamed Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, whose actions caused the bill to be blocked. On the other hand, the Democratic Party says that they had a deal on immigration (US government shutdown: How did we get here?). More interestingly, this is not the first time that a government shutdown has happened in the U.S. as a shutdown in 2013 was experienced which lasted nearly 16 days. It happened when the Republican Party demanded to have President Obamas affordable care act to be impeded through a spending bill (Amadeo). The Solution As evident from report by BBC, government shutdowns are bad (US government shutdown: How did we get here). Amadeo also supports the BBC report by implying that they cause the financial systems to run into turmoil and the debts to rise up (Amadeo). More importantly, they cause the workers to sit at homes without any pay, when they do not want to do it. It is especially harmful for middle-class or lower-class government employees, who are not financially strong enough to sit back without income (Amadeo). Therefore, a solution is necessary to avoid any further government shutdowns. One of the simplest solutions to the problem is that the cooperation between federal house and constituent states should be increased. Secondly, the political parties should show some level of tolerance instead of attempting to destroy each others reparation, as happened in both 2013 and 2018 (Amadeo). Specifically addressing the current problem of bill, the full senate needs to pass it (Kilgore). Another important thing that could help in avoiding further such problems, according to Kilmer, a representative in the US congress, is fixing the party leaders attitude. Once in power, they have an increasing temptation to replace the public debate with private negotiation. This causes the transparency of the legislative procedures to suffer; therefore, political parties should do what they are supposed to do (Kilmer). Bibliography Amadeo, Kimberly. Government Shutdown 2018 and 2013 Explained. The Balance, 19 Sept. 2018, www.thebalance.com/government-shutdown-3305683. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Kilmer, Derek. How to Stop Government Shutdowns. Time, 24 Jan. 2018, time.com/5115300/congress-government-shutdown-prevention-reform/. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Hague, Rog and Harrop, Martin. Comparative Government and Politics. 6th ed., New York, PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2004. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Htun, Mala and Powell, Bingham G. Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance. Report of the Task Force on Electoral Rules and Democratic Governance, Sept. 2013, Washington, DC, www.apsanet.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=X6zjNH66alQ%3Dportalid=54. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Kilgore, Ed. What Needs to Happen in Congress Today to Avoid Another Government Shutdown. New York Magazine, 8 Feb. 2018, nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/02/what-must-happen-today-to-avoid-another-government-shutdown.html. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Pramuk, Jacob. Trump says he doesnt want a shutdown before midterms as Congress scrambles to fund the government. CNBC News. 5 Sept. 2018, www.cnbc.com/2018/09/05/trump-does-not-want-government-shutdown-over-immigration-before-midterms.html. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. Schram, Sanford F. and Caterino, Brian, editors. Making Political Science Matter: Debating Knowledge, Research and Method. New York, New York University Press, 2006. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018. US government shutdown: How did we get here? BBC News, 22 Jan. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39698546. Accessed 23 Sept. 2018.